Accomplishments and Challenges:Constitutional:Example: Lyndon Johnson signed the civil rights act in 1964.
Example: He issued executive order 11246 which required companies that win federal government contracts to create programs for hiring more minorities, significantly affecting private sector employment practices.
Quote: “Engrave this Quote It is the genius of our Constitution that under its shelter of enduring institutions and rooted principles there is ample room for the rich fertility of American political invention.” Shared
Example: Johnson signed the Immigration Act of 1965, which changed U.S. immigration policy towards non-Europeans.
Example: In 1967 Johnson signed the Public Broadcasting Act to create educational television programs to supplement the broadcast networks.
Example: In 1964, upon Johnson's request, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1964 and the Economic Opportunity Act, which was in association with the war on poverty. Johnson set in motion bills and acts, creating programs such as Head Start, food stamps, Work Study, Medicare and Medicaid, which still exist today.
Quote: “There are no problems we cannot solve together, and very few that we can solve by ourselves.”
“There is but one way for a president to deal with the Congress, and that is continuously, incessantly, and without interruption. If it's really going to work, the relationship between the president and the Congress has got to be almost incestuous.”
Dependent
Example: The Office of Economic Opportunity funded “neighborhood service centers” that were dedicated to portraying welfare payments as rights. OEO attorneys counseled recipients to request hearings. Sit-ins and sleep-ins began to take place at welfare departments. The bureaucrats simply gave in.
Example: Also in the sixties, federal courts restricted schools’ ability to discipline, suspend, or expel disruptive students. This resulted in increasingly unmanageable students and more difficulty in teaching those who wanted to learn.
Quote: “You do not examine legislation in the light of the benefits it will convey if properly administered, but in the light of the wrongs it would do and the harms it would cause if improperly administered.”
Loony
Example: the Great Society programs, with its name coined from one of Johnson’s speeches, became Johnson’s agenda for congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, Medicaid, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime, and removal of obstacles to the right to vote.
Example: The Great Society proposed government-funded job training. The Job Corps aimed to provide unemployed youngsters with job skills. The recruits would be trained in rural conservation camps far from the slums. The first year, recruits were charged with a variety of crimes including burglary, forcing a fellow corpsman to commit sodomy, stabbings, and staging food riots. Those who managed to complete the course without being stabbed or sodomized had no better success in the job market than did the “no shows.” This is despite the fact that the program cost about the same as a Harvard education.
Quote: “Every man has a right to a Saturday night bath.”
Executive Order
Example: Executive Order 11137--Relating to certain allowances and benefits for civilian employees of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of the Armed Forces January 7, 1964
Executive Privilege
Example: Lyndon B. Johnson adopted a formal policy on the exercise of executive privilege. Each had done so in response to an inquiry from Representative John E. Moss (D-CA) on administration policy toward executive privilege. Each had consequently adopted a policy whereby only the president could assert or approve the use of executive privilege.
Works Cited
The American Presidency Project. Web. 23 Nov. 2010.
"Lyndon B. Johnson Quotes." Find the Famous Quotes You Need, ThinkExist.com
Quotations. Web. 23 Nov. 2010.
"Lyndon B. Johnson." The White House. Web. 23 Nov. 2010. President Lyndon Johnson's Cabinet
Lyndon B. Johnson's Cabinet
Cabinet Positions:Secretary of State: Dean Rusk 1961-1969As Secretary of State he believed in the use of military action to combat Communism. Despite private misgivings about the Bay of Pigs invasion, he remained noncommittal during the Executive Council meetings leading up to the attack and never opposed it outright. During the Cuban missile crisis he supported diplomatic efforts. Secretary of Treasury: Douglas Dillon 1961-1965
Dillon was important in securing presidential power for reciprocal tariff reductions under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. He also played a role in crafting the Revenue Act of 1962 that established a 7 percent investment credit to spur industrial growth. He supervised revision of depreciation rules to benefit corporate investment. Secretary of Treasury: Henry H. Fowler 1965-1968
As Secretary of the Treasury from 1965 to 1968, Fowler organized a two-tier system for gold in 1968, and participated in the 1967-68 international agreements, which created a new international monetary reserve system called "Special Drawing Rights." Secretary of Treasury: Joseph W. Barr 1968-1969
He was Undersecretary of the Treasury from 1965 to 1968 during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson, and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from December 21, 1968, to January 20, 1969, the shortest term of any Treasury Secretary. Secretary of Defense: Robert S. McNamara 1961-1968
According to Special Counsel Ted Sorensen, Kennedy regarded McNamara as the "star of his team, calling upon him for advice on a wide range of issues beyond national security, including business and economic matters." McNamara became one of the few members of the Kennedy Administration to work and socialize with Kennedy, and he became so close to Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy that he served as a pallbearer at the younger Kennedy's funeral in 1968. Secretary of Defense: Clark M. Clifford 1968-1969
Widely known and respected in Washington and knowledgeable on defense matters, Clifford was generally hailed as a worthy successor to McNamara. Many regarded the new secretary as more of a hawk on Vietnam than McNamara, and thought his selection might presage an escalation of the U.S. military effort there. Clifford attempted to allay such fears when, responding to a query about whether he was a hawk (favoring aggressive military action) or a dove (favoring a peaceful resolution to the Vietnam War), he remarked, "I am not conscious of falling under any of those ornithological divisions." Attorney General: Robert F. Kennedy 1961-1964
John F. Kennedy's choice of Robert Kennedy as Attorney General following his election victory in 1960 was controversial, with The New York Times and The New Republic calling him inexperienced and unqualified.[8] He had no experience in any state or federal court,[8] causing the President to joke, "I can't see that it's wrong to give him a little legal experience before he goes out to practice law."[9] There was precedent, however, in an Attorney General being appointed because of his role as a close adviser to the President,[8] and Kennedy had significant experience in handling organized crime. Attorney General: Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 1964-1966
From 1950 to 1952 he was attorney-advisor in the Office of General Counsel to the Secretary of the Air Force. Katzenbach was on the faculty of Rutgers School of Law—Newark from 1950 to 1951; was an associate professor of law at Yale from 1952 to 1956; and was a professor of law at the University of Chicago from 1956 to 1960. Attorney General: Ramsey Clark 1966-1969
Clark served in the Department of Justice as the Assistant Attorney General of the Lands Division from 1961 to 1965, and as Deputy Attorney General from 1965 to 1967.
In 1967, President Johnson nominated him to be Attorney General of the United States, he was confirmed by congress and took the oath of office on March 2. There is speculation within Washington that Johnson made the appointment on the expectation that Clark's father, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, would resign from the Supreme Court to avoid a conflict of interest. Postmaster General: John A. Gronouski 1963-1965
In 1960 he became the Wisconsin state commissioner of taxation, and he supported John F. Kennedy in the election campaign that year. After his well regarded revamping of the Wisconsin tax system, he was appointed postmaster general by President Kennedy in 1963. He was the first Polish-American Cabinet officer. As Postmaster General, he promoted the original five-digit zip code system, and worked to end racial discrimination against postal employees. Postmaster General: Lawrence F. O'Brien 1965-1968O'Brien remained at the White House after President Kennedy's assassination when he was appointed in 1963 to serve in Washington as President Johnson's special assistant to the president for congressional relations and personnel. O'Brien continued this service through 1965. O'Brien was appointed in 1965 by President Johnson to serve in Washington, D.C. as the U.S. Postmaster General. O'Brien continued this service through 1968. Postmaster General: M. Marvin Watson 1968-1969
Secretary of the Interior: Stewart L. Udall 1961-1969Secretary of Agriculture: Orville L. Freeman 1961-1969 Secretary of Commerce: Luther H. Hodges 1961-1965Secretary of Commerce: John T. Connor 1965-1967Secretary of Commerce: Alexander B. Trowbridge 1967-1968Secretary of Commerce: C.R. Smith 1968-1969Secretary of Labor: W. Willard Wirtz 1962-1969 Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare: Anthony J. Celebrezze 1962-1965Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare: John W. Gardner 1965-1968Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare: Wilbur J. Cohen 1968-1969 Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Robert C. Weaver 1966-1969 Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Robert C. Wood Jan 2, 1969 - Jan 20, 1969Secretary of Transportation: Alan C. Boyd 1967-1969U.S. Representative to the United Nations: Adlai E. Stevenson 1961- 1965 (Died in Office)U.S. Representative to the United Nations: Arthur J. Goldberg 1965-1968U.S. Representative to the United Nations: George W. Ball June 24, 1968 - Sept 25, 1968U.S. Representative to the United Nations: James Russell Wiggins 1968-1969
Example: He issued executive order 11246 which required companies that win federal government contracts to create programs for hiring more minorities, significantly affecting private sector employment practices.
Quote: “Engrave this Quote It is the genius of our Constitution that under its shelter of enduring institutions and rooted principles there is ample room for the rich fertility of American political invention.” Shared
Example: Johnson signed the Immigration Act of 1965, which changed U.S. immigration policy towards non-Europeans.
Example: In 1967 Johnson signed the Public Broadcasting Act to create educational television programs to supplement the broadcast networks.
Example: In 1964, upon Johnson's request, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1964 and the Economic Opportunity Act, which was in association with the war on poverty. Johnson set in motion bills and acts, creating programs such as Head Start, food stamps, Work Study, Medicare and Medicaid, which still exist today.
Quote: “There are no problems we cannot solve together, and very few that we can solve by ourselves.”
“There is but one way for a president to deal with the Congress, and that is continuously, incessantly, and without interruption. If it's really going to work, the relationship between the president and the Congress has got to be almost incestuous.”
Dependent
Example: The Office of Economic Opportunity funded “neighborhood service centers” that were dedicated to portraying welfare payments as rights. OEO attorneys counseled recipients to request hearings. Sit-ins and sleep-ins began to take place at welfare departments. The bureaucrats simply gave in.
Example: Also in the sixties, federal courts restricted schools’ ability to discipline, suspend, or expel disruptive students. This resulted in increasingly unmanageable students and more difficulty in teaching those who wanted to learn.
Quote: “You do not examine legislation in the light of the benefits it will convey if properly administered, but in the light of the wrongs it would do and the harms it would cause if improperly administered.”
Loony
Example: the Great Society programs, with its name coined from one of Johnson’s speeches, became Johnson’s agenda for congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, Medicaid, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime, and removal of obstacles to the right to vote.
Example: The Great Society proposed government-funded job training. The Job Corps aimed to provide unemployed youngsters with job skills. The recruits would be trained in rural conservation camps far from the slums. The first year, recruits were charged with a variety of crimes including burglary, forcing a fellow corpsman to commit sodomy, stabbings, and staging food riots. Those who managed to complete the course without being stabbed or sodomized had no better success in the job market than did the “no shows.” This is despite the fact that the program cost about the same as a Harvard education.
Quote: “Every man has a right to a Saturday night bath.”
Executive Order
Example: Executive Order 11137--Relating to certain allowances and benefits for civilian employees of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of the Armed Forces January 7, 1964
Executive Privilege
Example: Lyndon B. Johnson adopted a formal policy on the exercise of executive privilege. Each had done so in response to an inquiry from Representative John E. Moss (D-CA) on administration policy toward executive privilege. Each had consequently adopted a policy whereby only the president could assert or approve the use of executive privilege.
Works Cited
The American Presidency Project. Web. 23 Nov. 2010.
"Lyndon B. Johnson Quotes." Find the Famous Quotes You Need, ThinkExist.com
Quotations. Web. 23 Nov. 2010.
"Lyndon B. Johnson." The White House. Web. 23 Nov. 2010. President Lyndon Johnson's Cabinet
Cabinet Positions:Secretary of State: Dean Rusk 1961-1969As Secretary of State he believed in the use of military action to combat Communism. Despite private misgivings about the Bay of Pigs invasion, he remained noncommittal during the Executive Council meetings leading up to the attack and never opposed it outright. During the Cuban missile crisis he supported diplomatic efforts.
Secretary of Treasury: Douglas Dillon 1961-1965
Dillon was important in securing presidential power for reciprocal tariff reductions under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. He also played a role in crafting the Revenue Act of 1962 that established a 7 percent investment credit to spur industrial growth. He supervised revision of depreciation rules to benefit corporate investment.
Secretary of Treasury: Henry H. Fowler 1965-1968
As Secretary of the Treasury from 1965 to 1968, Fowler organized a two-tier system for gold in 1968, and participated in the 1967-68 international agreements, which created a new international monetary reserve system called "Special Drawing Rights."
Secretary of Treasury: Joseph W. Barr 1968-1969
He was Undersecretary of the Treasury from 1965 to 1968 during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson, and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from December 21, 1968, to January 20, 1969, the shortest term of any Treasury Secretary.
Secretary of Defense: Robert S. McNamara 1961-1968
According to Special Counsel Ted Sorensen, Kennedy regarded McNamara as the "star of his team, calling upon him for advice on a wide range of issues beyond national security, including business and economic matters." McNamara became one of the few members of the Kennedy Administration to work and socialize with Kennedy, and he became so close to Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy that he served as a pallbearer at the younger Kennedy's funeral in 1968.
Secretary of Defense: Clark M. Clifford 1968-1969
Widely known and respected in Washington and knowledgeable on defense matters, Clifford was generally hailed as a worthy successor to McNamara. Many regarded the new secretary as more of a hawk on Vietnam than McNamara, and thought his selection might presage an escalation of the U.S. military effort there. Clifford attempted to allay such fears when, responding to a query about whether he was a hawk (favoring aggressive military action) or a dove (favoring a peaceful resolution to the Vietnam War), he remarked, "I am not conscious of falling under any of those ornithological divisions."
Attorney General: Robert F. Kennedy 1961-1964
John F. Kennedy's choice of Robert Kennedy as Attorney General following his election victory in 1960 was controversial, with The New York Times and The New Republic calling him inexperienced and unqualified.[8] He had no experience in any state or federal court,[8] causing the President to joke, "I can't see that it's wrong to give him a little legal experience before he goes out to practice law."[9] There was precedent, however, in an Attorney General being appointed because of his role as a close adviser to the President,[8] and Kennedy had significant experience in handling organized crime.
Attorney General: Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 1964-1966
From 1950 to 1952 he was attorney-advisor in the Office of General Counsel to the Secretary of the Air Force. Katzenbach was on the faculty of Rutgers School of Law—Newark from 1950 to 1951; was an associate professor of law at Yale from 1952 to 1956; and was a professor of law at the University of Chicago from 1956 to 1960.
Attorney General: Ramsey Clark 1966-1969
Clark served in the Department of Justice as the Assistant Attorney General of the Lands Division from 1961 to 1965, and as Deputy Attorney General from 1965 to 1967.
In 1967, President Johnson nominated him to be Attorney General of the United States, he was confirmed by congress and took the oath of office on March 2. There is speculation within Washington that Johnson made the appointment on the expectation that Clark's father, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, would resign from the Supreme Court to avoid a conflict of interest.
Postmaster General: John A. Gronouski 1963-1965
In 1960 he became the Wisconsin state commissioner of taxation, and he supported John F. Kennedy in the election campaign that year. After his well regarded revamping of the Wisconsin tax system, he was appointed postmaster general by President Kennedy in 1963. He was the first Polish-American Cabinet officer. As Postmaster General, he promoted the original five-digit zip code system, and worked to end racial discrimination against postal employees.
Postmaster General: Lawrence F. O'Brien 1965-1968O'Brien remained at the White House after President Kennedy's assassination when he was appointed in 1963 to serve in Washington as President Johnson's special assistant to the president for congressional relations and personnel. O'Brien continued this service through 1965. O'Brien was appointed in 1965 by President Johnson to serve in Washington, D.C. as the U.S. Postmaster General. O'Brien continued this service through 1968.
Postmaster General: M. Marvin Watson 1968-1969
Secretary of the Interior: Stewart L. Udall 1961-1969